Description: Failure to expel the placenta within 12-24 hours after giving birth, often linked to Brucellosis or poor nutrition.

Symptoms: Fetid, hanging membrane from the vulva, fever, reduced milk, and sometimes toxemia.

Seasonality: Occurs throughout the year but peaks during the dry season when pregnant animals are malnourished due to poor pasture availability.

A small shrub with woody stems and bitter leaves, common in disturbed, cultivated areas across the savanna.

Parts Used for Treating Retained Placenta:  Bark and Leaves

Method of Preparation: 

Dry and grind into power and infused in water and given to the animal orally

A small, erect herb or shrub known for medicinal pods and yellow flowers. Found in disturbed, rainy-season areas.

Parts Used for Treating Retained Placenta:  Bark and Roots

Method of Preparation: 

It is soaked in water and fermented  for 2 days after which the water is given to the animal to drink